How To Take Bolt Out Of Rifle

Type of firearm mechanism

The AWM sniper rifle, a bolt-activity rifle

A Kelbly burglarize action bolt that has been oiled to run smoothly.

A US Marine extracts a fired cartridge from an M40A3 using a bolt-action mechanism

Commodities-action is a type of manual firearm action that is operated by directly manipulating the bolt via a bolt handle, which is most commonly placed on the right-hand side of the weapon (every bit most users are right-handed).

Most bolt-action firearms use a rotating bolt design, where the handle must first exist rotated upward to unlock the bolt from the receiver, then pulled back to open the breech and assuasive whatsoever spent cartridge case to be extracted and ejected. This also cocks the striker within the bolt (either on opening or endmost of the bolt depending on the gun design) and engages it confronting the sear. When the bolt is returned to the forward position, a new cartridge (if available) is pushed out of the magazine and into the barrel chamber, and finally the breech is closed tight past rotating the handle downward so the bolt head relocks on the receiver.

Bolt-action firearms are mostly repeating firearms, just some single-shot breechloaders also use commodities-activeness design as a breechblock mechanism. The majority of these firearms are rifles, but there are some bolt-action variants of shotguns and handguns likewise. Examples of these date as far back as the early 19th century, notably in the Dreyse needle gun. From the belatedly 19th century all the style through both World Wars, bolt-action rifles were the standard infantry service weapons for most of the world's armed services forces. In mod military and law enforcement, bolt-action firearms have been generally replaced by semi-automated and selective-fire firearms, and have remained prevalent only as sniper rifles due to the design'southward inherent potential for superior accuracy and precision, too as ruggedness and reliability compared to autoloading designs.

History [edit]

The outset bolt-activeness rifle was produced in 1824 by Johann Nikolaus von Dreyse, post-obit work on breechloading rifles that dated to the 18th century. Von Dreyse would perfect his Nadelgewehr (Needle Rifle) by 1836, and it was adopted past the Prussian Army in 1841. While it saw express service in the German language Revolutions of 1848, it was not fielded widely until the 1864 victory over Kingdom of denmark.^[one] In 1850 a metallic centerfire bolt-activeness breechloader was patented by Béatus Beringer.^[2] In 1852 another metallic centerfire bolt-activeness breechloader was patented by Joseph Needham and improved upon in 1862 with another patent.^{[three] [four] [five]} Ii different systems for primers –the mechanism to ignite a metal cartridge's powder charge – were invented in the 1860s besides, the Berdan^[6] and the Boxer^[seven] systems.

The U.s.a. purchased 900 Greene rifles (an under hammer, percussion capped, single-shot bolt-action that used paper cartridges and an ogival bore rifling system) in 1857, which saw service at the Boxing of Antietam in 1862, during the American Civil War;^[8] nevertheless, this weapon was ultimately considered too complicated for result to soldiers and was supplanted by the Springfield Model 1861, a conventional muzzle loading burglarize. During the American Civil War, the commodities-action Palmer carbine was patented in 1863, and by 1865, 1000 were purchased for use as cavalry weapons. The French Ground forces adopted its outset commodities-action rifle, the Chassepot rifle, in 1866 and followed with the metallic cartridge commodities-action Gras rifle in 1874.

European armies continued to develop bolt-action rifles through the latter half of the 19th century, offset adopting tubular magazines equally on the Kropatschek rifle and the Lebel burglarize. The first bolt-action repeating burglarize was patented in Britain in 1855 past an unidentified inventor through the patent amanuensis Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford using a gravity-operated tubular mag in the stock.^[ix] Another more well-known bolt-action repeating burglarize was the Vetterli burglarize of 1867 and the outset commodities-action repeating burglarize to use centerfire cartridges was the weapon designed by the Viennese gunsmith Ferdinand Fruwirth in 1871.^[10] Ultimately, the military turned to bolt-activeness rifles using a box magazine; the first of its kind was the M1885 Remington–Lee, but the outset to be generally adopted was the British 1888 Lee–Metford. World State of war I marked the height of the bolt-activeness burglarize's use, with all of the nations in that war fielding troops armed with various bolt-activeness designs.

During the buildup prior to Earth State of war II, the military bolt-activity rifle began to exist superseded by semi-automatic rifles and later fully automatic rifles, though commodities-activity rifles remained the primary weapon of most of the combatants for the duration of the war; and many American units, peculiarly the USMC, used bolt-action M1903 Springfields until sufficient numbers of M1 Garands were made available. The commodities-action is even so mutual today among sniper rifles, as the design has the potential for superior accuracy, reliability, lesser weight, and the ability to control loading over the faster rate of fire that alternatives allow. There are, however, many semi-automatic sniper rifle designs, peculiarly in the designated marksman role.

Today, bolt-action rifles are chiefly used as hunting rifles. These rifles can be used to chase annihilation from vermin to deer and to large game, especially big game defenseless on a safari, as they are adequate to deliver a single lethal shot from a safe altitude.

Commodities-activity shotguns are considered a rarity amidst mod firearms but were formerly a commonly used action for .410 entry-level shotguns, as well as for low-cost 12-gauge shotguns. The M26 Modular Accessory Shotgun Arrangement (MASS) is the nigh avant-garde and recent instance of a bolt-activeness shotgun, albeit one designed to be attached to an M16 rifle or M4 carbine using an underbarrel mount (although with the standalone kit, the MASS can become a standalone weapon). Mossberg 12-gauge bolt-activity shotguns were briefly popular in Australia later the 1997 changes to firearms laws, but the shotguns themselves were awkward to operate and had simply a iii-round magazine, thus offer no practical and real advantages over a conventional double-barrel shotgun.

Some pistols utilise a commodities-activeness, although this is uncommon, and such examples are typically specialized target handguns.

Major bolt-action systems [edit]

Rotating bolt [edit]

Nigh of the bolt-action designs use a rotating bolt (or "turn pull") design, which involves the shooter doing an upwards "rotating" motion of the handle to unlock the bolt from the breech and erect the firing pin, followed past a rearward "pull" to open the breech, excerpt the spent cartridge case, then reverse the whole process to chamber the next cartridge and relock the breech. At that place are iv major turn bolt-action designs: the Remington M-700, possibly the single most numerous produced rifle in history which is now as well used equally basis for most custom contest rifle deportment,^[eleven] along with the Mauser system, the Lee–Enfield system, and the Mosin–Nagant organisation. All 4 differ in the way the bolt fits into the receiver, how the bolt rotates every bit it is being operated, the number of locking lugs property the bolt in place equally the gun is fired, and whether the action is cocked on the opening of the bolt (as in both the Mauser organization and the Mosin Nagant system) or the closing of the commodities (as in the Lee–Enfield organisation). The vast majority of mod bolt-action rifles were made for the commercial marketplace post-state of war, numbering in the tens of millions by Remington in the unique, and most accurate Model 700, 2 of the others use the Mauser organization, with other designs such as the Lee–Enfield system and the Mosin Nagant arrangement, of only limited usage.

Mauser [edit]

The Mauser bolt-action arrangement is based on 19th-century Mauser commodities-activeness rifle designs and was finalized in the Gewehr 98 designed past Paul Mauser. Information technology is the nigh mutual bolt-action system in the globe,^{[ citation needed ]} beingness in apply in well-nigh all modern hunting rifles and the bulk of war machine bolt-action rifles until the heart of the 20th century. The Mauser system is stronger than that of the Lee–Enfield due to two locking lugs only behind the commodities head, which make it meliorate able to handle college-pressure cartridges (i.eastward. magnum cartridges). The 9.3×64mm Brenneke and viii×68mm Due south magnum rifle cartridge "families" were designed for the Mauser Chiliad 98 commodities-activeness. A novel rubber characteristic was the introduction of a third locking lug present at the rear of the bolt that usually did not lock the bolt, since it would introduce asymmetrical locking forces. The Mauser system features "cock on opening", meaning the upward rotation of the bolt when the burglarize is opened cocks the action. A drawback of the Mauser Thousand 98 system is that it cannot be cheaply mass-produced very hands.^{[ citation needed ]} Many Mauser 1000 98-inspired derivatives feature technical alterations, such as omitting the third safety locking lug, to simplify production.

The controlled-feed Mauser M 98 bolt-action system's simple, strong, safety, and well-thought-out design inspired other military and hunting/sporting rifle designs that became available during the 20th century, including the:

• Gewehr 98/Standardmodell/Karabiner 98k
• M24 series
• vz. 24/vz. 33
• Type 24 rifle
• M1903 Springfield
• Pattern 1914 Enfield
• M1917 Enfield
• Arisaka Type 38/Type 99
• M48 Mauser
• Kb wz. 98a/Karabinek wz. 1929
• FR8
• modern hunting/sporting rifles like the CZ 550, Heym Express Magnum, Winchester Model 70 and the Mauser M 98
• mod sniper rifles like the Sako TRG, Accuracy International Arctic Warfare and GOL Sniper Magnum

Versions of the Mauser action designed prior to the Gewehr 98'southward introduction, such as that of the Swedish Mauser rifles and carbines, lack the third locking lug and feature a "erect on closing" operation.

Lee–Enfield [edit]

Close-up of the action on an SMLE Mk III rifle, showing the bolt head, magazine cutting off, and charger clip guide.

The Lee–Enfield bolt-action organisation was introduced in 1889 with the Lee–Metford and later Lee–Enfield rifles (the bolt system is named after the designer James Paris Lee and the butt rifling later on the Royal Small Arms Factory at the London Borough of Enfield), and is a "cock on endmost" action in which the forwards thrust of the bolt cocks the action. This enables a shooter to keep eyes on sights and targets uninterrupted by cycling the bolt. The ability of the bolt between lugs and chamber to flex also keeps the shooter safer in case of catastrophic sleeping room overpressure. The disadvantage of the rearward-located bolt lugs is that a larger part of the receiver, betwixt chamber and lugs, must be made stronger and heavier to resist stretching forces. Also, the commodities ahead of the lugs may flex on firing which, although a condom advantage, may eventually lead to increased caput infinite. Repeated firing over time can lead to receiver "stretch" and excessive headspace, which if perceived as a problem can exist remedied past irresolute the removable bolt caput to a larger sized ane (the Lee–Enfield commodities manufacture involved a mass product method where at final assembly the bolt torso was fitted with i of three standard size bolt heads for correct headspace). In the years leading up to WWII, the Lee–Enfield bolt system was used in numerous commercial sporting and hunting rifles manufactured by such firms in the U.k. equally BSA, LSA, and Parker–Hale, too as past SAF Lithgow in Commonwealth of australia. Vast numbers of ex-military SMLE Mk Iii rifles were sporterised post WWII to create cheap, effective hunting rifles, and the Lee–Enfield commodities system is used in the M10 and No 4 Mk Iv rifles manufactured by Australian International Arms. Burglarize Manufacturing plant Ishapore of India articles a hunting and sporting burglarize chambered in .315 which also employs the Lee Enfield action.^[12]

• Lee–Enfield (all marks and models)
• Ishapore 2A1
• Various hunting/sporting rifles manufactured by BSA, LSA, SAF Lithgow, and Parker Hale
• Australian International Artillery M10 and No four Mk IV hunting/sporting rifles
• Rifle Mill Ishapore'south hunting Lee Enfield burglarize in .315

Mosin–Nagant [edit]

The Mosin–Nagant action, created in 1891 and named afterwards the designers Sergei Mosin and Léon Nagant, differs significantly from the Mauser and Lee–Enfield bolt-action designs. The Mosin–Nagant design has a split bolthead that rotates with the bolt and the bearing lugs, in dissimilarity to the Mauser system where the bolthead is a non-removable role of the commodities. The Mosin–Nagant is also dissimilar the Lee–Enfield system where the bolthead remains stationary and the bolt torso itself rotates. The Mosin–Nagant bolt is a somewhat complicated thing, just is extremely rugged and durable; like the Mauser, information technology uses a "cock on open up" system. Although this bolt organisation has been rarely used in commercial sporting rifles (the Vostok make target rifles being the most recognized) and never outside of Russia, large numbers of armed forces surplus Mosin–Nagant rifles have been sporterized for utilise equally hunting rifles in the years since WWII.

Other designs [edit]

Both the U.S. Regular army'due south M24 Sniper Weapon Arrangement and U.S. Marine Corps' M40 sniper rifles are built from the Remington Model 700 rifle, in different degrees of modification, the chief difference existence the custom fitted heavy contour barrel and activity length. The M24 utilizes the Long activity and the M40 employs the short activity bolt-face up. The reason for this is that the M24 was originally intended to chamber the longer .300 Winchester Magnum round. The M40, however, was not intended to be chambered in the more powerful .300 Winchester Magnum round, all the same the Marine Corps' intention was to drift to the .300 Winchester Magnum cartridge. The Marine Corps' delay has led to a change in migratory direction, the current goal is for the M40 to become a burglarize chambered in .338 Lapua Magnum.^[13]

The United States Army'due south Articulation Munitions and Lethality Contracting Center has awarded Remington a Firm Fixed Price (FFP) Indefinite Delivery/ Indefinite Quantity (ID/IQ) contract (W15QKN-ten-R-0403) for the upgrade of up to 3,600 M24 Sniper Weapon Systems (SWS) currently fielded to the Army pending type classification as the "M24E1". The major configuration change for this system is the caliber conversion from vii.62mm NATO (.308 Winchester) to .300 Winchester Magnum to provide soldiers with additional precision date capability and range. The contract is for a five-twelvemonth period and has a guaranteed minimum value of $192K with a potential value of up to $28.2 meg.^[14] This award follows a total and open competitive evaluation lasting nine months, which began with the release of the Army'south Request for Proposal (RFP) on January 13, 2010. The program will exist executed under the authority of Project Director Soldier Weapons, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ, and managed by its subordinate unit of measurement, Production Director Private Weapons. In 2009 the U.S. Army has changed the weapon proper name from M24E1 to the XM2010 Enhanced Sniper Rifle.^[fifteen]

Cutaway diagram of the Vetterli rifle's activeness.

The Vetterli rifle was the starting time bolt-action repeating rifle introduced by an army. It was used by the Swiss army from 1869 to circa 1890. Modified Vetterlis were likewise used past the Italian Army. Another notable blueprint is the Norwegian Krag–Jørgensen, which was used past Norway, Denmark, and briefly the United States. Information technology is unusual among bolt-action rifles in that is loaded through a gate on the right side of the receiver, and thus can be reloaded without opening the bolt. The Norwegian and Danish versions of the Krag have ii locking lugs, while the American version has merely i. In all versions, the commodities handle itself serves as an emergency locking lug. The Krag's major disadvantage compared to other bolt-action designs is that information technology is usually loaded past paw, one circular at a time, although a box-like device was fabricated that could drop v rounds into the mag, all at once via a stripper or en bloc clip. This made information technology slower to reload than other designs which used stripper or en bloc clips. Another historically of import commodities-action system was the Gras organization, used on the French Mle 1874 Gras burglarize, Mle 1886 Lebel burglarize (which was the outset to introduce ammunition loaded with nitrocellulose-based smokeless powder), and the Berthier series of rifles.

Straight pull [edit]

Straight pull commodities scheme

Heym SR 30 (1998), directly pull action. Lock up is accomplished by half dozen ball bearings around the circumference of the bolt head. This mechanism was originally developed for biathlon rifles.

Directly-pull bolt-deportment differ from conventional plough-pull bolt-action mechanisms in that the bolt can be cycled back and forward without rotating the handle and thus only a linear movement is required, as opposed to a traditional bolt-activeness, where the user has to axially rotate the bolt in addition to the linear motions to perform chambering and primary extraction. The bolt locking of a straight pull action is achieved differently without needing transmission inputs, therefore the entire operating cycle needs the shooter to perform only two movements (pull dorsum and push forrard) instead of four (rotate upwardly, pull back, push button forward, and rotate down), greatly increasing the gun's rate of burn down.

In 1993 the High german Blaser company introduced the Blaser R93, a new straight pull action where locking is achieved by a series of concentric "claws" that protrude/retract from the bolthead, a design that is referred to as Radialbundverschluss ("radial connexion"). As of 2017 the Burglarize Shooter mag^[16] listed its successor Blaser R8 as one of the three most popular straight pull rifles together with Merkel Helix and Browning Maral.^[17] Some other notable modern straight pull rifles are made past Beretta,^[18] C.G. Haenel,^[19] Chapuis,^[twenty] Heym,^[21] Lynx,^[22] Rößler,^[23] Savage Artillery,^[24] Strasser,^[25] and Steel Activity.^[26]

Most straight commodities rifles have a firing mechanism without a hammer,^{[ commendation needed ]} but there are some hammer-fired models, such as the Merkel Helix. Firearms using a hammer usually have a comparably longer lock time than hammerless mechanisms.

In the sport of biathlon, because shooting speed is an important performance gene and semi-automatic guns are illegal for race use, straight pull actions are quite common and are used almost exclusively in the Biathlon Earth Cup. The kickoff company to make the straight pull activity for .22 caliber was J. G. Anschütz; the action is specifically the directly pull ball bearing lock action, which features leap-loaded ball bearings on the side of the commodities which lock into a groove within the bolt's housing. With the new design came a new dry out fire method; instead of the bolt being turned up slightly, the action is locked back to catch the firing pin.

Operating the bolt [edit]

Typically, the bolt consists of a tube of metal inside of which the firing machinery is housed, and which has at the front or rear of the tube several metal knobs, or "lugs", which serve to lock the bolt in place. The functioning tin be done via a rotating bolt, a lever, cam action, a locking slice, or a number of systems. Straight pull designs have seen a keen deal of use, though transmission plow bolt designs are what is most commonly thought of in reference to a bolt-action blueprint due to the blazon ubiquity. As a result, the bolt-action term is oftentimes reserved for more modern types of rotating bolt designs when talking about a specific weapon'south type of action. Nevertheless, both directly pull and rotating bolt rifles are types of bolt-action rifles. Lever-action and pump-action weapons must still operate the bolt, but they are usually grouped separately from bolt-actions that are operated past a handle directly attached to a rotating bolt. Early on bolt-activity designs, such as the Dreyse needle gun and the Mauser Model 1871, locked past dropping the commodities handle or bolt guide rib into a notch in the receiver, this method is still used in .22 rimfire rifles. The most common locking method is a rotating commodities with 2 lugs on the bolt head, which was used by the Lebel Model 1886 rifle, Model 1888 Commission Burglarize, Mauser Yard 98, Mosin–Nagant and virtually bolt-activeness rifles. The Lee–Enfield has a lug and guide rib, which lock on the rear end of the commodities into the receiver.

Commodities knob [edit]

The commodities knob is the part of the bolt handle that the user grips when loading and reloading the firearm and thereby acts equally a cocking handle. On many older firearms, the bolt knob is welded to the bolt handle, and as such becoming an integral part of the bolt handle itself. On many newer firearms, the bolt knob is instead threaded onto the handle, allowing the user to change the original bolt knob for an aftermarket ane, either for aesthetical reasons, achieving better grip or similar.^[27] The blazon of threads used vary betwixt firearms. European firearms often use either M6 1 or M8 1.25 threads, for instance M6 is used on the SIG Sauer 200 STR, Blaser R93, Blaser R8, CZ 457^[28] and Bergara rifles,^[28] while M8 is used on the Sako TRG and SIG Sauer 404. Many American firearms instead use 1/four" 28 TPI (6.35 0.907 mm) or 5/sixteen" 24 TPI (seven.9375 1.058 mm) threads. Another thread types are as well used, for case, No. 10 32 TPI (4.826 0.794 mm) as used by Mausingfield.^[28] There also exists aftermarket slip-on bolt handle covers which are mounted without having to remove the existing bolt handle.^[29] These are often made of either safety or plastic.

Reloading [edit]

Virtually bolt-action firearms are fed by an internal magazine loaded past hand, past en bloc, or stripper clips, though a number of designs have had a detachable magazine or independent mag, or even no magazine at all, thus requiring that each round be independently loaded. Generally, the magazine capacity is limited to between two and ten rounds, equally information technology tin can allow the mag to exist affluent with the bottom of the rifle, reduce the weight, or forbid mud and dirt from entering. A number of bolt-actions take a tube magazine, such equally along the length of the barrel. In weapons other than large rifles, such every bit pistols and cannons, there were some manually operated breech-loading weapons. However, the Dreyse Needle fire rifle was the first breech loader to use a rotating bolt design. Johann Nicholas von Dreyse's rifle of 1838 was accepted into service by Prussia in 1841, which was in turn developed into the Prussian Model in 1849. The design was a single shot breech-loader and had the now familiar arm sticking out from the side of the bolt, to turn and open the bedchamber. The entire reloading sequence was a more circuitous procedure than later designs, however, as the firing pivot had to be independently primed and activated, and the lever was used but to move the bolt.

Run into besides [edit]

• Antiquarian guns
• British military rifles
• Service burglarize

Other firearm actions [edit]

• Break activeness
• Falling block action
• Lever action
• Pump action
• Rolling block
• Rotating commodities
• Semi automatic rifle
• Automatic rifle
  • Blowback operated
  • Recoil operated
  • Gas operated

References [edit]

1. ^ Dupuy, Trevor N., Colonel, U.Due south. Army (rtd). Evolution of Weapons and Warfare (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1980), p. 293.
2. ^ Description des machines et procedes specifies dans les brevets d'invention, de perfectionnement et d'importation, dont la duree est expirée ... (in French). Bouchard-Huzard. 1855.
3. ^ Office, Uk Patent (1859). Abridgments of the Specifications Relating to Burn down-arms and Other Weapons, Ammunition, and Accoutrements: A.D. 1588–1858]-Pt. II. A.D. 1858–1866. George E. Eyre and William Spottiswoode, pub. at the Neat seal patent office.
4. ^ English Patents of Inventions, Specifications: 1862, 1522 – 1600. H.Chiliad. Stationery Office. 1862.
5. ^ Howard 50. Blackmore. "Guns and Rifles of the Globe" (London: Chancellor Press, 1965), p. 69.
6. ^ Mast, Gregory (2007). To exist a armed services sniper. Zenith Press. p. 48. ISBN978-1-61060-032-3. OCLC 847527424.
7. ^ Heard, Brian J. (15 September 2011), "Firearms: History", Wiley Encyclopedia of Forensic Scientific discipline, Chichester, Great britain: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, doi:ten.1002/9780470061589.fsa1022, ISBN978-0-470-06158-9 , retrieved 3 April 2021
8. ^ "NRA Museums".
9. ^ "English Patents of Inventions, Specifications: 1855, 1419 – 1481". 1856.
10. ^ Firearms Past and Present: Jaroslav Lugs, p. 147.
11. ^ "Brand Bolt Action Run Smoothly". Tactec. 25 March 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
12. ^ ".315" Sporting Rifle". rfi.gov.in . Retrieved 12 Apr 2021.
13. ^ "M24 Sniper Rifle". Military.com. Archived from the original on November fifteen, 2010. Retrieved August 10, 2010.
14. ^ "10--M24 Sniper Weapon System Reconfiguration".
15. ^ Lance M. Bacon (thirty April 2011). "Improved carbines headed your way". Army Times.
16. ^ Holtam, Dominic (10 March 2017). "Straight pull rifles". Rifle Shooter . Retrieved 12 April 2021.
17. ^ Browning Maral "Gun Mart Review". Gun Mart . Retrieved 12 Apr 2021.
18. ^ Beretta introduces the BRX1 hunting straight-pull repeater
19. ^ Premiere at Haenel: the new Jaeger NXT straight-pull repeater
20. ^ "Chapuis Armes "ROLS": New Directly Pull Bolt Activeness Burglarize –". The Firearm Blog. 11 Apr 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
21. ^ UK, Shooting (13 Dec 2010). "Heym SR30 straight-pull rifle review review". Shooting UK . Retrieved 12 April 2021.
22. ^ "Lynx 94 Review". Sporting Rifle mag. 18 July 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
23. ^ Potts, Bruce (xvi Dec 2015). "Titan sixteen straight-pull rifle review". Shooting UK . Retrieved 12 April 2021.
24. ^ Make new 2021: Savage Impulse, the new straight-pull rifle from the USA
25. ^ Potts, Bruce (2 November 2016). "Strasser RS Solo review". Shooting Great britain . Retrieved 12 April 2021.
26. ^ H, Hrachya (7 June 2017). "German Straight Pull Bolt Action Rifles by Steel Action –". The Firearm Web log . Retrieved 12 Apr 2021.
27. ^ "Get a Handle on It". Shooting Illustrated. 17 Baronial 2012. Retrieved 12 Apr 2021.
28. ^ ^{a b c} "419 Commodities Knobs – Area 419". Expanse 419 – Precision Comes Standard. 29 September 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
29. ^ Pandemic, Major (xviii October 2016). "Review: KRG Remington Action Bolt Lift Oversized Bolt Handle Knob". AllOutdoor.com . Retrieved 12 Apr 2021.

Further reading [edit]

• Zwoll, Wayne (2003). Bolt Activity Rifles. Krause Publications. ISBN978-0-87349-660-5.

External links [edit]

Media related to Bolt action (firearms) at Wikimedia Commons

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolt_action

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